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Here is a collection of further readings from civil society and think tanks on the IMF, climate and debt, IFI reform, private finance, advocacy as well as the countries featured under the country page.

If you think something is missing or have additional resources you’d like featured, please provide the links here! We will revise this page periodically and upload new links and papers.

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Website Guidebook

Recourse et al. (2025): The IMF and Climate Change – A Civil Society Advocacy Guidebook

The IMF

Bretton Woods Project: Inside the Institutions – a collection of articles explaining different institutional aspects of the IMF and World Bank, such as:

Friedrich Ebert Stiftung: Understanding IMF Debt Sustainability Analyses (2023)

Kentikelenis & Stubbs:

CEPR: Putting Climate at the Core of IMF Governance (2022)

Oxfam:

Recourse: Resources on the IMF (see website for more):

Boston University: Task Force on Climate, Development and the International Monetary Fund (see website for more):

Gallagher et al.: Evolution of IMF Engagement on Climate Change (2024)

Action Aid: IMF Surveillance and Climate Change Transition Risks: Reforming IMF policy advice to support a just energy transition (2021)

Volz & Ahmed: Macrofinancial Risks in Climate Vulnerable Developing Countries and the Role of the IMF (2020)

Bretton Woods Project et al.: A Proposed Framework for IMF Engagement in Country-level Surveillance on Macrostructural Issues; Inequality, Gender and Climate Change (2021)

Merling & Forster: Climate policy at the International Monetary Fund: No voice for the vulnerable? (2024)

Merling: “Greenwashing” Structural Adjustment (2024)

FOE US, OCI, GenderAction, Recourse, Urgewald: 6 steps the IMF should take to stop enabling fossil fuels around the world (2022)

Mariotti: Special Drawing Rights. Can the IMF’s reserve currency become a transformative financial resource?. Eurodad (2022)

Arauz et al: Special Drawing Rights: The Right Tool to Use to Respond to the Pandemic and Other Challenges. Center for Economic and Policy Research (2022)

Task Force on Climate, Development and the IMF: Re-channeling Special Drawing Rights for a Climate Resilient and Just Transition. Boston University (2021)

Action Aid et al.: Adapting Our Financial Architecture in a Crisis-Prone World: A Civil Society Proposal for Special Drawing Rights Reform. (2024)

Oxfam: Beyond Crises: The future of Special Drawing Rights as a source of development and climate finance (2024)

Bretton Woods Project: Reconceptualising SDRs as a tool for development finance (2023)

Climate justice and macroeconomics

UNCTAD: Making sense of Article 2.1(c): What role for private finance in achieving climate goals? (2023)

CSE India: What do we mean by Paris alignment of finance flows? Decoding Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement (2024)

ODI: Putting climate-resilient development at the heart of equitable implementation of Article 2, paragraph 1(c) of the Paris Agreement (2023)

Women and Development Organization (WEDO): Climate Finance & Feminist Action Nexus for Economic and Climate Justice

Gabor & Braun: Green macrofinancial regimes (2023)

Kedward et al.: Aligning finance with the green transition: From a risk-based to allocative green credit policy regime (2022)

Civil Society for Financing for Development Mechanism: Systemic Issues, Debt & Private Finance

The Future is Public Conference: Future is Public Book (2019) & Global Manifesto for Public Services (2021)

Fanning & Hickel: Compensation for atmospheric appropriation (2023)

Positive Money: The Green Central Banking Scorecard: 2024 Edition (2024)

Eurodad: FAQ – The Climate Emergency: What’s debt got to do with it? (2021)

Eurodad: A tale of two emergencies – the interplay of sovereign debt and climate crises in the global south (2020)

Latindadd: Climate crisis, debt and recovery in a context of multiple crises. A look from a Climate Justice perspective in Latin America and the Caribbean (2023)

Debt Justice: The Debt-Fossil Fuel Trap: Why Debt Is a Barrier to Fossil Fuel Phase-out and What We Can Do about It (2023)

Debt Justice: The debt and climate crises: Why climate justice must include debt justice (2022)

Research by the Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery (DRGR) Project, e.g. Debt Relief for a Green and Inclusive Recovery: Guaranteeing Sustainable Development (2023)

Action Aid: The Vicious Cycle – Connections Between the Debt Crisis and Climate Crisis (2023)

UNCTAD: A world of debt. (2024)

Afrodad et al.: Debt Demands & Debunking Distractions for Climate Action. (2024)

Bohoslavsky & Rulli (eds): Feminism in Public Debt (2024)

Eurodad: UN framework convention on sovereign debt – Building a new debt architecture for economic justice (2024)

Latindadd: Debt-for-climate swaps: can they be aligned with debt and climate justice? (2023)

Eurodad: Make polluters pay – How to tax excessive ecological footprints (2024)

Tax Justice Network Africa: Financing Africa’s Climate Action – A Tax Justice Perspective (2024)

ActionAid: Finding Finance: Tax Justice And The Climate Crisis (2024)

Tax Justice Network: Seven principles of good taxation for climate finance (2024)

He & Uy: Cooperating to Address Climate Change with Pricing and Non-Pricing Measures (2023)

Reforming the international financial architecture

Gallagher et al.: Reforming Bretton Woods institutions to achieve climate change and development goals. (2023)

UNCTAD: A New Multilateralism for Share Prosperity. Geneva Principles for a Global Green New Deal (2019)

Gallagher & Kozul-Wright: The Case for a New Bretton Woods (2022)

Ortiz & Cummings: End Austerity: A Global Report on Budget Cuts and Harmful Social Reforms in 2022-25 (2022)

UN Secretary General: Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 6: Reforms to the International Financial Architecture (2023)

Action Aid: Joining the Dots – ActionAid report on Financing for Development (2024)

Recourse resources on the World Bank and other MDBs

Gabor: The Wall Street Climate Consensus (2020) & Dafermos at al.: The Wall Street Consensus in pandemic times: what does it mean for climate-aligned development? (2020)

Bretton Woods Project, Recourse et al.: Civil Society calls for rethink of World Bank’s ‘evolution roadmap’ as part of wider reforms to highly unequal global financial architecture (2023)

Oxfam: Climate Finance Unchecked. How much does the World Bank know about the climate actions it claims? (2024) & Unaccountable Accounting. The World Bank’s unreliable climate finance reporting (2022)

Bernards: A Critical History of Poverty Finance. Colonial Roots and Neoliberal Failures (2022)

Eurodad: The IMF and PPPs: A master class in double-speak (2019)

Eurodad: Blended finance for climate action – Good value for money? (2024)

ODI: Blended finance in the poorest countries: the need for a better approach (2019)

Bretton Woods Project: Gambling with the planet’s future? World Bank Development Policy Finance, ‘green’ conditionality, and the push for a private-led energy transition (2024)

Country cases

Recourse, Alternative Law Collective & Alliance for Climate Justice and Clean Energy: How Are the IMF and the World Bank Shaping Climate Policy? Lessons from Pakistan (2023)

Center for Economic and Social Rights: Austerity and Human Rights in Ecuador: An Urgent Appeal to the IMF (2019)

Transnational Institute The IMF and Ending Energy Subsidies in Egypt – A Tale of Class War and Greenwashing (2023)

Recourse: Mixed messages: IMF loans and the green transition in Argentina and Pakistan. (2022)

Recourse & FARN: The IMF talks about climate change but it pushes Argentina into more and more fracking (2024)

Bin Rashid et al.: Debt Sustainability, Climate Crisis and Development: Assessing the IMF’s ‘Green Austerity’ in Response to Pakistan’s 2022 Floods (2025)

FOE US: A Risky Bet: The IMF’s Role in Mozambique’s LNG Development (2024)

Oxfam: The gendered impact of IMF policies in MENA (2019)

Advocacy

Eurodad: A toolkit for advocacy at the International Monetary Fund (2018)

Oxfam: From Stunt to Substance: An assessment of IMF engagement with civil society (2023)

Fair Finance Southern Africa: Fair Financing for Climate Justice – An Activist Guide (2023)

WEMOS et al.: Advocacy on Monetary Policies for Economic Justice (2022)